chauvinism

摘自vikipedia（该网站好像不能直接访问，可能是由于有不符合本地政策的内容或者是网络故障？具体原因不知，反正现在好像是不能直接访问）

Chauvinism is extreme and unreasoning partisanship on behalf of a group to which one belongs, especially when the partisanship includes malice and hatred towards a rival group. Jingoism is a similar term of British derivation. A frequent contemporary use of the term in English is male chauvinism, which refers to the belief that males are superior to females. A similar concept discussed by a few misandry researchers is female chauvinism, or the belief that females are superior to males.

The term is derived from the undocumented Nicolas Chauvin, whose legend made him out to be a soldier under Napoleon Bonaparte whose fanatical zeal for his Emperor induced him, though wounded seventeen times in the Napoleonic Wars, to continue nevertheless to fight for France. It is claimed he yelled in the Battle of Waterloo when the French were finally defeated: "The Old Guard dies but does not surrender!", implying blind and unquestioned zeal to one's country [or other group of reference].

The origin and early usage indicate that chauvinisme was coined to describe excessive nationalism, and the original French term retains this meaning today. The term entered public use due to a satirical treatment of Chauvin in the French play La Cocarde Tricolore (The Tricolore Cockade).

沙文主义（chauvinism）原指极端的、不合理的、过分的爱国主义（因此也是一种民族主义）。如今的含義也囊括其他領域，主要指盲目熱愛自己所處的團體，並經常對其他團體懷有惡意與仇恨。

词源是拿破仑手下的一名士兵尼古拉·沙文（Nicolas Chauvin），他由于获得军功章对拿破仑感恩戴德，对拿破仑以军事力量征服其他民族的政策狂热崇拜。而“沙文主义”这个名词則首先出现在法国的一部戏剧“三色帽徽”中，以讽刺的口吻描写沙文的这种情绪。後来这个词被广泛应用，如大国沙文主义、民族沙文主义等，還曾被女权运动的领袖用於“男人沙文主义”（相当于汉语中的“大男子主义”）。英語中有一個對等的詞，是Jingoism。所以經過演变，如今“沙文主義”這個詞在英語中更多場合中指種族歧視與性別歧視，尤其是後者。

stary stary night

这首歌叫Vincent也叫Stary stary night，是美国著名民谣歌手Don Mclean向荷兰画家vincent van gogh致敬。60年代早期Don Mclean在纽约州的俱乐部中以灌制唱片开始了他的演艺生涯, 大多数时间里, Don是一名游吟歌手。这首歌的名子“Staring staring night ”本身就是梵高的一幅画。自从1971年Don Mclean 的第二张专辑《American Pie》美国馅饼被评论界誉为“具划时代意义和里程碑式地位的经典摇滚专辑”后，该专辑里的这首歌就日日夜夜在荷兰梵高纪念馆门口播放，已经有28个年了。在他的这首叙事诗般的作品中充满了梵高绘画中浓烈的色彩。歌中的分解和弦伴奏也格外出色。
"Starry Starry Night"

Starry, starry night
Paint your palette blue and grey
Look out on a summer’s day
With eyes know the darkness in my soul
Shadows on the hills
Sketch the trees and the daffodils
In colors on the snowy linen land

(★)Now I understand what you try to say to me
And how you suffered for your sanity
And how you tried to set them free
They would not listen
They did not know how
Perhaps they’ll listen now

Starry, starry night
Flaming flowers that brightly blaze
Swirling clouds in violet haze
Reflect in Vincent’s eyes of china blue
Colors changing hue
Morning fields of amber grain
Weathered faces lined in pain
Are soothed beneath the aritist’s loving hand

(repeat ★)
For they could not love you
But still your love was true
And when no hope was left inside on that starry starry night
You took your life as lovers often do
But I could have told you Vincent
This world was never meant for one as beautiful as you

Starry, starry night
Portraits hung in empty halls
Frameless heats on nameless walls
With eyes that watch the world and can’t forget
Like the strangers that you ‘ve met
The ragged man in ragged clothes
A silver thorn in a bloody rose
Lie crushed and broken on the virgin snow

Now I think I know what you try to say to me
That how you suffered for your sanity
And how you suffered for your sanity
And how you try to set them free
They would not listen they’ve not listening still
Perhaps they never will

译文：星月夜

星光灿烂的夜晚，
你将画板涂上一层灰蓝，
夏日里极目眺望，
你那深邃的眼睛穿透了我灵魂的黑暗，
山坡，倒影，树木，花朵，微风，冬寒，
这一切都被你用颜色在雪白的画布上再现。

直到现在我才明白，
你要对我说些什么，
才知道你为了自己的清行，理智受了多少折磨，
你要使人们得到自由解脱，
可他们怎会理解，倾听你的叙说，
也许他们现在已愿补过。
星光灿烂的夜晚，
火焰般的花朵绚丽夺目，
紫罗兰色的薄雾中，云浪在翻滚旋风，
千变万化的颜色，在Vicent湛蓝的眼睛里闪烁者光辉，
清晨的原野一片暮辉，
饱经风霜的脸皱纹成堆，
可是，在画家深情爱抚的笔下，他们都得到了安慰。
直到现在我才明白，你要对我说些什么，
才知道你为了自己的清行，理智受了多少折磨，
你要使人们得到自由解脱，
可他们怎会理解，倾听你的叙说，
他们没有去爱你，
可是你的爱还是那么真诚执著。
在哪星光灿烂的夜晚，
当你心中的希望已完全沉默，
你夺去了自己的生命，就好像失恋的情人不愿再活。
可是Vicent，我多么想告诉你，
这个世界对你这些崇高美丽的人，从来就没有适合过。